Monastery Architecture

Goal of members of monastic religious communities was to   spread Western monastic art and architecture. For about 1200 years, Monasticism led to changes in political, social, and artistic events. Monasticism brought changes from 6 to 18 century.
Monastery is the place where worshiping, gathering for prayers is arranged. It is also the place for residence of religious community. The life of these religious communities bound them with religion and they cut off from the outside world.
History of Monasticism

• During 529, Saint Benedict of Nursia introduced Benedictine order and the Abbey of Monte Cassino in southern Italy. He was associated with Monasticism. The Rule of Saint Benedict explored the main ideas of Saint Gall, Switzerland.
• The original monastic plans were difficult to understand. Monastic plans have general characteristics of courtyard structure in order to ensure privacy.
• Central plan of monastery plan developed by 9 century. Especially in the structure of church space was left purposely for the meetings of the community, the dormitory, the refectory, and storage facilities.
• During end of middles ages, the residence quarters were made for leader of the community separately.
• External schools were also established by some monasteries for children, oblates.
• Water supply was well established with the tendency to reach kitchen before reaching wash rooms and latrines. The entire structure was usually set near stream. Guest rooms were built for their residing.
• Chapels were optional structure for visitors as visitors were not allowed inside the church used by monks or nuns.

What improvement was brought by Monasticism

1. There were many improvements that took place in 11 century due to Monasticism.
2. During 13 century establishment of monks, increased rapidly. Monasticism was set to uplift artistic activities during Middle Ages. The worldly clergy existed along with regular clergy.
3. Throughout the middle ages many riches, greatest and oldest European churches were preserved. They were purposely preserved for their government of worldly canons.

Church was always been most impressive feature of monastic art and architecture. Each church built during early period, was an expression of the ambition of the community to which it belonged. Some of the churches were sign of the wealth and prosperity of the monastery. Leftovers of Saints were preserved behind the high altars as in Sainte-Madeleine in monastic church. Thus the plan of any monastic church reveals the nature of its community. Most churches such as the Dominican Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo have large naves.
Monastery Architecture was introduced in the construction of churches during Middle Ages.

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Vernacular Architecture

Vernacular architecture involves the construction method in which local available resources and traditional material are used. Vernacular architecture involves the environmental features, culture and historical context of the place. This architecture is considered as basic architecture which allows the usage of material in their raw form.
On the island of Kauai, Hawaii, plantation cottage style was developed in the era of sugar plantation. This type of architecture is indigenous to specific time or place where it is used. Mostly, residential buildings are constructed using this type of architecture.

Influences on Vernacular Architecture

Climate

• Climates of the place where building is constructed, influences the vernacular architecture. In places having cold climate construction include high insulation features and high thermal mass. Windows are generally made smaller in size and the openings are sealed off to prevent heat loss.
• Buildings in the places having warmer climate are built using lighter material. Proper ventilation is maintained throughout the inner space of the structure.
• At the places having continental climate, building features should be able to withstand the variations in temperature. This building should provide a comfortable space for its occupants according to the seasons.
• The places having high precipitation are usually built with sloping roof instead of flat roof. This slope roof prevents accumulation of snow, water.
• Mediterranean vernacular and architecture of the Middle East includes a courtyard with a fountain or pond. The surrounding air gets cooled by water mist. Evaporation takes places and hence makes the inner space becomes comfortable and soothing for occupants.

Culture
Culture of the occupants also influences the architecture of the building. The size of the building and inner spaces depends on the number of members living in it. The style of inner space depends on their eating habits and on their interaction. The layout of the house depends on other cultural considerations.

1. East African tribe built their house in a group but separate their single roomed houses by marking boundaries. These single room houses are built for each member of family.
2. In Western Europe, in single house there are boundaries for separating each room from other.
3. The appearance of the buildings depends on the decorative items. Thus people living in different regions decorate their houses with different traditional items.
4. The use of wood is common in the architecture of the place having large number of trees.

Environmental conditions and material used governs the characteristics of Vernacular architecture.

Vernacular Architecture

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Sustainable Architecture

Eco friendly design techniques of architecture are termed as features of sustainable architecture. The design techniques described in this sustainable architecture includes the features which are beneficial for the environment. Sustainable architecture reduces the negative environment contact of the buildings. Reduction of negative impact of the buildings is done by use of ornamental or modernized materials. Main aim of sustainable architecture is to increase energy efficiency of the building. Many architects use various technique in order to capture or generate buildings own energy.

How to enhance the energy of the building?

• Well insulated building is most important factor. There is requirement of proper ventilation inside the area of building but an efficient building requires less power dissipation and less heat generation.
• Large amount of energy from the buildings is expelled out of it in form of water, air and streams. Thus there should be devices which could capture the energy from these resources and transfer them back in the building.
• The direction of the building and its site was plays an important role on building’s HVAC efficiency.
• To attach the energy of the sun passive solar building design is best option. The energy of the sun is used without establishment of any active solar mechanism or solar hot water panels. Material used in solar buildings retains high thermal mass in order to retain heat efficiently and strong insulation against escaping heat. Solar buildings also include solar shading which is done by blinds or shutters. These shutters during summer reduce the solar heat gain and hence reduce the need of artificial cooling.
• Placement of windows at required places plays important role in minimizing the loss of heat through glass. Thus in northern hemisphere large windows are placed towards the south direction to collect direct sun rays and hence north facing windows are restricted in this area.
• For better insulation double glazed or triple glazed are advantageous over single pane glass windows.
• Plantation allows sometimes plays important role in maintain the energy in the surrounding area for example deciduous trees are planted in front of the windows to block the sun rays during summer and their leaves falls off and proper light enters across the windows during winters.
• Light shelves are also installed to allow sunlight during winters hence this installation effect on usage of heating system inside the building.

Thus sustainable architecture allows the features which could reduce the cost of energy used in certain building.

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Cloud Computing Architecture

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Cloud computing architecture

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Becoming an Architect

Why You Want to Becoming an Architect?

Can't decide if you want to become an architect ? Would it be a positive decision predicated on positive expectations ? What can you expect? What are the rewards and motivations ? Are you willing to invest five to eight years in rigorous university and professional education, and then three or more years in internship ?

What's your incentive ? Is it Money? Social status ? Let's Talk Honestly:

Money ? People pursue a profession to earn a living, right ? But salaries vary dramatically from one profession to another especially in the field of architecture. For instance, some architects can only earn enough to ensure survival. But of coures that doesn't mean you can't earn above avearge income as an architect. Many architects in fact become really rich, and achieve relative affluence. People assumes that architects are big-income professionals because architects are fre quently associated with circumstances reflecting costly lifestyles, but the truth is that some architects are, but most are not.

Is it Possible to Become Really Rich as an Architect?

Yes, but most architects can only earn comfortable or mod est livings. The Average income of an architect is considered to be middle class income. Earning money can be sometimes a serious problem for architects as consistent compensation is an ongoing problem for the entire profession.

Architecture is not a field to enter to become a filthy rich, but you don't have to be exceptionally talented to earn a decent living. The money issue is one of many reasons why some architects have become real estate developers or construction contractors. Some Architects choose to teach in architectural schools, where they can earn a better and a stable income stream than practising architecture. Some rich people practice architecture as an impassioned hobby.

After school, How Much Money Will I be Making as an Intern Architect?

Graduate architects begin their careers as wage earners either hourly, monthly, or annual salaries. How much depends on the market place conditions. After three years of internship and further practice and examinations, they may become associates or principal owners of architectures firms, or they can establish their own firms if they can afforded it. However, if you get lucky enough to work for a large architecture firm, you can earn a larger income as most big firms provide larger incomes at all levels, from senior partner down to newly employed draftsperson.

Overview of the Profession

The architect is to be concerned firstly with the construction. This encompasses all the practical matters of site, of materials and their limitations and of human capability. The second concern is "articulation; the building must work and should please those who use it, and it must also suit their needs. The third concern of the architect is aesthetics, both of proportion and of ornament .


The role of the architect is constantly evolving. During the last two decades of the twentieth century as structural systems, services, and technologies, began to be recognized and the complexity of buildings began to increase, architecture started becoming more multi-disciplinary than ever. Architecture today, and depends oin the scales of the project, usually requires a team of specialist professionals, with the architect being usually the team leader .

So what exactly does an Architect do?

Architect usually leads a team of specialists such as civil , electrical, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers, and many others. However, architects are required to have a thoroughly understanding of building codes and various government jurisdictions. The architect needs to comply with local planning and zoning requirements such as height limitations, parking requirements, land use, and many other requirements . We will cover all of these things soon in details .

Architects are involved in the planning, designing, modeling of a building's construction. They design projects based on a client requirements, particular conditions of the site, and many other factors. Architects artistic vision is usually restricted by the economics and budget for a particular project or client.

Architecture is a business, therefore, architects are also trained to be good businessmen. They must have excellent social skills because being a successful architect requires an excellent ability to communicate with people all the time. The most successful architects are the ones best at communicating their vision verbally and visually . It's not all about being creative and designing beautiful things.

The word "design" means a plan. Before constructing a building, an architect needs to draw a plan of the building. Architects make a cardboard or plastic model of the building, however, nowadays with evolution of computer technology, not many architects use this method. Architects ,however, have to consider many things before they draw up plans for a building. For instance, they have to think about what the building will be used for.

Increasingly, the architect participates in the development of requirements the client wishes to have met in the building. Architects typically, advise and review the work of a general contractor. They also monitor the progress of the work during construction on behalf of their clients.

What is a typical day working as an architect?

To name some: architect usually visit construction sites, designing and drawings , meet with clients, win contracts, solve problems, estimating costs, meet with consultants, and draw up specifications.

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